Cervical Cancer in Nigeria: What Every Woman and Girl Should Know

January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, and FAME Foundation is leading efforts to educate communities about this disease.

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cervix, the lower part of a woman’s womb that connects to the vagina. It develops when abnormal cells in the cervix grow uncontrollably, often caused by infection with certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV spreads through close contact, and if left untreated, the abnormal cells can develop into cancer over time.

In Nigeria, about 13,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer every year, and many die because the disease is detected late. Most cases could be prevented or treated if found early.

What Causes Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is usually caused by HPV infection. Some types of HPV are harmless, but types 16 and 18 are responsible for the majority of cases in Nigeria. Other risk factors include early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, smoking, and a weakened immune system.

Early Signs and Symptoms

Early cervical cancer often has no symptoms, which is why regular screening is important. Symptoms to watch for may include:

• Unusual vaginal bleeding between periods, after sex, or after menopause
• Unusual vaginal discharge
• Pain during sex
• Pelvic pain or discomfort

Recognizing these signs early and seeking medical care can save lives.

How Cervical Cancer Can Be Prevented

1. Vaccination

   The HPV vaccine protects girls from the virus types that most often cause cervical cancer. In Nigeria, the vaccine is available for girls aged 9 to 14 years for free at public health facilities. Millions of girls have already received it. FAME Foundation helps parents and communities understand the vaccine and its benefits.

2. Screening

   Screening detects early changes in the cervix before they become cancer. Methods include:

• Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) – a simple test using vinegar to highlight abnormal cells
• Pap smear – collects cervical cells to check for changes
• HPV DNA test – detects high-risk HPV infections

Early treatment may involve minor procedures or medication that prevent cancer from developing. FAME Foundation promotes community screening and guides women to local services.

Current Efforts in Nigeria

The government has launched the Partnership to Eliminate Cervical Cancer in Nigeria (PECCiN) to strengthen vaccination, screening, and treatment programs. FAME Foundation works with this initiative through awareness programs, outreach in schools and neighborhoods, and community education.

Challenges That Remain

Challenges include:

• Limited screening services outside major cities
• High costs or travel difficulties for women seeking screening
• Misunderstanding or low awareness about the HPV vaccine

How You Can Help During Cervical Cancer Awareness Month

FAME Foundation encourages everyone to take action this January:

• Learn and share accurate information about cervical cancer and HPV
• Ensure girls aged 9 to 14 receive the HPV vaccine
• Encourage women aged 25 and above to get screened regularly
• Support community awareness programs run by FAME Foundation and local health services

Cervical cancer can be prevented and treated when action is taken early. During Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, FAME Foundation calls on all Nigerians to protect themselves, their daughters, and the women in their communities. Together, we can reduce the impact of this disease and save lives.

Join FAME Foundation this month in spreading awareness, supporting vaccination, and encouraging screening for cervical cancer. Every step counts.